1909

Muslim counter-revolution thwarted. Sultan deposed. Constitutional manarchy declared.

1911

Republic in China.

1912

Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria launch joint assault on European Turkey.

1913

The victors turn upon each other; Turkey recaptures Edirne.

1914

Turkey enters World War I on German side.

1918

Armistice. CUP leadership flees. Civil War erupts, followed by war with Greece in Anatolia.

1918-1921

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk secures boundaries of a new Turkish state.

1919-1922

The War of Independence culminates in the creation of the modern Rupublic of Turkey in 1923.

1922

Deposition and exile of last sultan, Mehmed Vahiduddin

1923

Turkey proclaimed a republic.