| The ABOLISHMENT Of The CALIPHATE | ||
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| With the abolishment of the sultanate on 1st November
1922, the sovereignty right and the state authority were taken from the Ottoman Ruler,
having double ranks such as “Sultan” and “Caliph” was forbidden, as well. Just the
authority of a religious leader was given to the Ottoman Ruler. Abdulmecid Efendi, chosen
by Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM) to use the caliph rank. After the election,
caliph Abdulmecid violated Turkish Government’s regulations, by carrying the other ranks
beside Caliph of all Moslems rank. Some politicians desired to place the caliph as the sultan. This situation led the parliament to find a permanent solution to this problem. But, the most important reason enforcing, Mustafa Kemal Pasha to abolish the caliphate, was the possibility of the caliph’s interference to the compulsory reforms about the social life. Mustafa Kemal was planning to establish a secular administrative system. On 3rd March 1924, the caliphate was abolished with the law named as “the Abolishment of Caliphate and to Eject the Ottoman Sultanate out of the Turkish Republic’s Lands". Thus, new Turkey took another important step. The abolishment of caliphate echoed widely in Turkey and in the world. In the date of abolishment of caliphate March 3 1924, with another law "Seriye Evkaf Vekaleti" (Ministry of Religious Affairs) was abolished. With the result of this abolishment schools and medreses ruled by this ministry were shut down. Moreover, in the same day Erkan-i Harbiye Umum Vekaleti (Ministry of War) was abolished. So the conflict between the army and politics was prevented. In the same day Tevhid-i Tedrisat law, which was designed to form a widespread modern educational system, was accepted. |
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